Abstract Chicken broilers digestibility and performance fed with different ME levels, with and without adjustments of digestible lysine, calcium, and available phosphorus, were evaluated. For digestibility, 210 male Cobb 500 chicken broilers were used and distributed into a 3x2+1 factorial arrangement, with three ME levels (3050; 3125 and 3200 kcal/kg) with and without nutrient adjustment, plus one control treatment (2975 kcal ME/kg), totaling seven treatments including six repetitions with five birds into each repetition. For initial performance, 1120 birds were distributed randomly with eight replications within treatments and 20 birds for each replication. For final performance, 1008 chickens were distributed with eight replications and 18 birds for each replication. The DCDM and DCCP were improved (P<0.05) according to the increase of ME and the adjustment in dietary nutrients, as well as GE digestibility. The final performance showed no interaction (P>0.05) between energy and nutrient adjustment, but the increase in energy levels improved the feed conversion ratio (FCR=1.370). Increasing energy density with nutrient adjustment improves both nutrient utilization and bird performance.

ResumoEstudou-se o desempenho produtivo e as quantidades de cálcio (Ca), fósforo (P), magnésio (Mg), potássio (K) e sódio (Na) nas excretas e carcaças de frangos de corte aos 21 dias de idade alimentados com adição de Solanum malacoxylon (SM) nas rações. Adotou-se delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com três tratamentos: 0,0, 2,5 e 5,0g de SM/kg de ração, sendo cinco repetições e quatro aves por unidade experimental. O uso de 5,0 g de SM/kg de ração reduziu o ganho de peso e piorou a conversão alimentar, embora o consumo não tenha sido influenciado. A inclusão da planta não afetou (p>0,05) os teores de cálcio, magnésio, potássio e sódio nas excretas e, consequentemente, na absorção desses minerais. A composição mineral das carcaças foi alterada, sendo as concentrações de Na, Mg e K, influenciadas. Recomenda-se a adição de até 2,5g de SM/kg de ração para frangos de corte até 21 dias de idade.

AbstractIt was studied the performance and the amounts of calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), potassium (K) and sodium (Na) excreta and carcasses of broilers at 21 days of age fed addition of Solanum malacoxylon (SM) in rations. It was used a completely randomized design with three treatments: 0.0, 2.5 and 5.0 g of SM/kg diet, five replicates of four birds each. Using 5.0g of SM/kg diet reduced weight gain, decreased feed conversion, although consumption has not been affected. The inclusion of the plant did not affect (p>0.05) the levels of calcium, magnesium, potassium and sodium in excreta, and consequently the absorption of these minerals. The mineral composition of the carcasses was changed, and the concentrations of Na, Mg and K influenced. It is recommended that the addition to 2.5g of SM/kg of feed for broilers up to 21 days of age.

The objective of this study was to estimate the digestible lysine requirement of Japanese quails in the egg-laying phase. A total of 336 female Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) of average initial age of 207 days were distributed in a completely randomized experimental design, composed of 6 treatments (lysine levels) with 7 replicates and 8 birds per experimental unit, with duration of 84 days. Experimental diets were formulated from a basal diet, with corn and soybean meal, with 2.800 kcal ME/kg and 203.70 g/kg crude protein, showing levels of 9.50; 10.00; 10.50; 11.00; 11.50; and 12.00 g/kg digestible lysine; diets remained isoprotein and isocaloric. The following variables were studied: feed intake (FI); lysine intake (LI); egg production per bird per day (EPBD); egg production per bird housed (EPBH); production of marketable eggs (PME); egg weight (EW); egg mass (EM); utilization efficiency of lysine for egg mass production (UELEM); feed conversion per mass (FCEM); feed conversion per dozen eggs (FCDZ); bird availability (BA); percentages of yolk (Y), albumen (A) and shell (S); specific egg weight (SW); nitrogen ingested (NI); nitrogen excreted (NE); and nitrogen balance (NB). Significant effect was only observed for LI, EW, EM, UELEM, FCEM, Y, A and SW. The digestible lysine level estimated in diets for laying Japanese quails is 11.20 g digestible lysine/kg diet, corresponding to an average daily intake of 272.23 mg lysine.

O experimento foi realizado com objetivo de estudar o uso de mananoligossacarídeos (standard e concentrado) em rações para frangos de corte. Foram utilizados 1.080 pintos de corte machos da marca Ross, com peso médio inicial de 42 g, distribuídos em um delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com seis tratamentos e nove repetições de 20 aves por unidade experimental. As aves foram criadas em cama de maravalha reaproveitada, utilizada anteriormente por outro lote. Foram testados os tratamentos: testemunha, antibiótico (avilamicina), mananoligossacarídeo alta concentração (MOS AT), mananoligossacarídeo standard (MOS ST), MOS AT + avilamicina e MOS ST + avilamicina para avaliação do ganho de peso, do consumo de ração, da conversão alimentar, da viabilidade e do rendimento de cortes. No período de 1 a 21 dias de idade, não foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre os tratamentos para as variáveis consumo de ração, conversão alimentar e viabilidade econômica. Os resultados de desempenho das aves alimentadas com ração contendo MOS ST ou MOS AT, combinados ou não com o antibiótico, não diferiram dos obtidos nos tratamentos com avilamicina e da ração basal. No período de 1 a 42 dias de idade, a adição de MOS ST, combinado ou não com avilamicina, melhorou o ganho de peso das aves, enquanto o MOS AT afetou de forma negativa o ganho de peso. A conversão alimentar, o consumo de ração e a viabilidade econômica não foram influenciados pelos tratamentos. No entanto, o uso de aditivos em rações para frango de corte melhorou o rendimento de cortes e reduziu a gordura abdominal.

This trial was conducted to study the use of mannanoligosaccharide (standard and concentrate) on chicks diets. One thousand and eigthy 1-d male chicks (Ross) averaging 42 g of initial BW were assigned to a completely randomized experiment with nine replications of 20 birds per experimental unit. The following treatments were analyzed: control, antibiotic (avilamicine), mannaoligosaccharide high concentration (MOS AT), mannaoligosaccharide standard (MOS ST), MOS AT + antibiotic, and MOS ST + antibiotic. The birds were reared in wood powder, reused of a lot previously housed. Weight gain, feed intake, feed:gain ratio, viability and prime cuts yield were evaluated. In the period from 1 to 21 days old, no significant differences across the treatments on feed intake, feed:gain ratio, and viability were found. The results of performance of birds fed diet containing MOS ST or MOS AT combined or not with the antibiotic, did not differ form those of treatments with avilamicin and control. In the period from 1 to 42 days old, mannanoligosaccharides standard (MOS ST) combined or not with avilamicin, increased weight gain, whereas the mannaoligosaccharide high concentration (MOS AT) showed did not affect weight gain. Feed:gain ratio, feed intake and viability were not affected by the different treatments, but the additives increased prime cuts yield and it decreased abdominal fat.

O objetivo do experimento foi determinar a composição química, energia bruta, energia metabolizável aparente (EMA) e energia metabolizável aparente corrigida (EMAn) de amostras de milho submetidas a diferentes temperaturas de secagem (temperatura ambiente e secagem artificial com temperaturas de 80, 100 e 120ºC) e a diferentes períodos de armazenamento (0, 60, 120 e 180 dias). Para determinar os valores de EMA e de EMAn, foi utilizado o método tradicional de coleta total de excretas com pintos machos, Avian Farm, de 21 a 30 dias de idade. Utilizou-se um esquema fatorial 4 x 4 (quatro temperaturas de secagem e quatro períodos de armazenamento), em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com sete repetições por tratamento e sete aves por unidade experimental. Cada amostra de milho substituiu em 40% da matéria natural, uma ração-referência. Foram realizadas análises de composição química e energia bruta de cada amostra de milho. Foi determinada também a energia bruta das excretas. A composição química e os valores de energia bruta (kcal/kg) das amostras de milho não foram significativamente influenciados pela temperatura de secagem e pelo tempo de armazenamento. Entretanto, os valores de EMA e de EMAn foram influenciados pela temperatura de secagem e pelo tempo de armazenamento, isoladamente. Foi observado efeito quadrático para temperatura de secagem, com maiores valores de EMA e EMAn do milho nas temperaturas de 49 e 50ºC, respectivamente, obtidos por equação de regressão. Para o tempo de armazenamento, observou-se efeito linear decrescente para os valores de EMA e de EMAn. Observou-se que a temperatura de secagem e o tempo de armazenamento dos grãos de milho reduziram os valores de EMA e de EMAn.

The objective of the experiment was to determine the chemical composition, crude energy, apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and corrected metabolizable energy (AMEn) from samples of corn submitted to different drying temperatures (environmental temperature and artificial drying with temperatures of 80, 100 and 120ºC) and different storage periods (0, 60, 120 and 180 days). The total excreta collection method was used to determine the values of AME and AMEn, for Avian Farm birds, males, reared from 21 to 30 days of age. A completed randomized experimental design in a 4 x4 factorial arrangement (drying temperature and storage period), with seven replicates per treatment and seven birds per experimental unity, was used. Each corn sample replaced 40% as fed of the reference diet. Chemical composition analysis and gross energy of each corn samples. The gross energy of excreta also was determined. Chemical composition and gross energy (kcal/kg) were not affected by drying temperatures and storage periods. However, values for AME and AMEn were influenced by drying temperatures and by storage periods, separately. A quadratic effect for drying temperatures was observed, with higher values of AME e AMEn at 49 and 50ºC, respectively, obtained by regression equation. For storage periods it was observed a linear decrease effect. It was observed that the drying temperatures and the storage periods of corn reduced the values of AME and AMEn.

O experimento foi conduzido com o objetivo de determinar os níveis de proteína e energia, para codornas japonesas (Coturnix coturnix japonica) em postura, em quatro períodos experimentais, de 28 dias cada. Foram utilizadas 600 codornas fêmeas, com idade de 45 dias e peso médio de 138,0 g. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso, em um esquema fatorial 3x5, com três níveis de energia (2.850, 2.950 e 3.050 kcal de EM/kg) e cinco níveis de proteína (16, 18, 20, 22 e 24% de PB), com quatro repetições de 10 animais cada. As variáveis estudadas foram: postura (%), peso do ovo (g), massa de ovo (g de ovos/codorna/dia), consumo alimentar (g), conversão alimentar (g de ração/g de ovos e g de ração/dz de ovos), peso final (g), porcentagem da casca do ovo (%), e nível de ácido úrico no soro sangüíneo (mg/dl). As respostas de desempenho das codornas em postura, respeitando o ajuste estatístico obtido por meio dos modelos de regressão quadrática e linear, e a interpretação biológica, permitem concluir que para se obter a melhor performace produtiva, as rações das codornas devem conter os níveis de 2.850 kcal de EM/ kg de ração e 22,42% de PB, correspondendo a um consumo de 6,02g de proteína por ave/dia.

The experiment was conduced to determine the protein and energy levels, for laying Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica), in four experimental periods of 28 days each. Six hundred females quails with 45 days of aged and average initial weight of 138.0g were used. The experimental design used was randomized blocks, in 3x5 factorial scheme, with three levels of energy (2,850, 2,950 and 3,050 kcal of ME/kg) and five protein levels (16, 18, 20, 22 and 24% CP), with four replications of 10 animals each replications. The variables studied were: laying (%), egg weight (g), egg mass (g of eggs/quail/day), feed intake (g), feed: gain ratio (g of diet/g of eggs and g of ratio/dozen of eggs, final weight (g), shell egg percentage (%), and uric acid level in the blood serum (mg/dL). The answers of egg production quail performance, respecting the statistical adjustment obtained by means of the quadratic and linear regression models, and the biological interpretation, showed that, to obtain the best productive performance, the quails diets should contain the levels of 2,850 kcal of ME/kg of rations and 22.42% CP, corresponding to 6.02 g of protein intake by bird/day.